RALEIGH, North Carolina (AP) — People sterilized against their will under a discredited U.S. state program should each be paid $50,000, a task force voted Tuesday, marking the first time a state has moved to compensate victims of a once-common public health practice called eugenics.
The panel recommended that the money go to verified, living victims, including those who are alive now but may die before the lawmakers approve any compensation. North Carolina’s Legislature must still approve any payments.
A task force report last year said 1,500 to 2,000 of those victims were still alive, and the state has verified 72 victims. If the estimate is correct, the payments could total around $100 million. Survivors will have three years to apply for payments from the time a measure approving them goes into effect.
North Carolina is one of about a half-dozen U.S. states to apologize for past eugenics programs, but it is alone in trying to put together a plan to compensate victims. The task force recommendations also include that the state continue to support the N.C. Justice for Sterilization Victims Foundation; that the compensation be awarded so that it doesn’t affect victims’ taxes or government services; and that mental health counseling be offered.
The panel had discussed amounts between $20,000 and $50,000 per person, and some victims and their family members had reacted angrily to the proposals because they felt the amounts were too low. The panel had also considered whether to compensate family members or descendants, but ultimately decided not to.
On Tuesday, some survivors said they were simply looking forward to the issue being resolved.
“I just want it to be over,” said 57-year-old Elaine Riddick, who was sterilized when she was 14 after she gave birth to a son who was the product of rape. “You can’t change anything. You just let go and let God.”
The five-person panel was appointed in March 2011 by Gov. Beverly Perdue and included a judge, doctor, former journalist, historian and attorney
Eugenics programs gained popularity in the U.S. and other countries in the early 1900s, but most abandoned those efforts after World War II because of the association with Nazi Germany’s program aimed at racial purity. More than 30 states enacted laws authorizing surgical sterilization for certain individuals, but not all of them carried the procedures out. More than 60,000 people were forcibly sterilized around America, and some historians think thousands more were sterilized in states without official programs under the authority of doctors or local officials.
Overt rationalization for the programs ranged from protecting the potential offspring of mentally disabled parents to improving the overall health and intellectual competence of the human race. Before the atrocities of World War II, it was seen by many — both blacks and whites — as a legitimate effort to improve society.
North Carolina’s program stood out because it ramped up sterilizations after World War II. About 70 percent of all North Carolina’s sterilizations were performed after the war, peaking in the 1950s, according to state records. The state officially ended the program in 1977.
More than 7,600 were sterilized in North Carolina from 1929 to 1974.
A 1933 state law authorized the sterilization of people deemed to be “mentally diseased, feebleminded or epileptic.” People as young as 10 were sterilized for reasons as minor as not getting along with schoolmates or being promiscuous. Although officials obtained consent from patients or their guardians, many did not comprehend what they were signing.
Melissa Hyatt of Kernersville, whose stepfather was sterilized, said the task force “did what was reasonable as far as budgets and economy.”
“It’s not really about the money,” she said. “It’s about the suffering and the pain.”
Gerald, the chairwoman, urged the Legislature and Perdue to approve compensation during this year’s session. “Any state or group of people can make a mistake, but it takes courage and strength of character to acknowledge wrongs and try to right them,” she said.
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Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.
